Association of genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes in hMLH1 and hMSH3 gene with the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship of the genetic polymorphisms and the haplotypes in hMLH1 and hMSH3 gene with the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in Chinese Hans. METHODS: A hospital based 1:1 matched case-control study was carried out. The polymorphisms for 204 pairs of PTC cases and healthy controls were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and allele specific oligonucleotide (PCR-ASO) assays. RESULTS: (1) The PTC risk was marginally increased in the hMLH1 1151TA genotype, with odds ratio (OR) of 2.15 (95%CI: 0.99-4.85); the PTC risk was significantly increased in the mutant genotype 1151TA+AA, with OR of 2.15 (95%CI: 1.02-4.69); (2) The haplotypes of -93G, 1151A, 655A in the hMLH1 gene could increase the PTC risk, with OR of 2.67 (95%CI: 1.16-6.53, P=0.011), compared with the haplotype of -93G, 1151T, 655A; (3) Compared to 3124A, 2835G haplotype in hMSH3 gene, the 3124G, 2835A haplotype could increase the PTC risk marginally, with OR of 3.08 (95%CI: 0.92-13.25). CONCLUSION: The 1151T/A polymorphism in hMLH1 was associated with PTC; both the haplotype of -93G, 1151A, 655A in hMLH1 and the 3124G, 2835A haplotype in hMSH3 were associated with PTC.     

出生体重与婴儿期生长速度对一年级小学生体重状态的影响

  目的  纵向研究出生体重状态与婴儿期生长速度模式对一年级小学生体重状态的影响,为生命早期的预防和干预政策制定提供理论基础。  方法  针对上海市闵行区2019年入学的小学一年级新生,收集其当年学校常规体检信息,并回顾性收集其出生和产后随访信息,选取12月龄体格检查信息完整的4 434名小学生作为研究对象。采用多元线性回归模型分析婴儿期生长速度与小学一年级时体质量指数(BMI)值及其Z评分的关系,同时采用广义线性模型分析出生体重状态和婴儿期生长速度模式对小学一年级时超重和肥胖患病的影响并进行分层分析。  结果  纳入研究的小学生婴儿期生长速度与小学一年级BMI值及其Z评分均存在线性关系[β值(β值95%CI)=0.30(0.24~0.35),0.12(0.10~0.15),P值均 < 0.01]。小于、适于和大于胎龄儿人群中均出现婴儿期追赶生长的个体。出生体重状态为大于胎龄儿和婴儿期出现追赶生长是儿童小学一年级超重和肥胖患病的独立危险因素(RR=1.31~1.55,P值均 < 0.05)。分层分析显示,追赶生长会增加适于胎龄儿小学一年级超重和肥胖的患病风险[RR值(RR值95%CI)=1.74(1.42~2.14),1.87(1.56~2.26)],且会增加大于和小于胎龄儿小学一年级肥胖的患病风险[RR值(RR值95%CI)=3.74(1.04~13.49),3.24(1.62~6.46)](P值均 < 0.05)。在发生婴儿期追赶生长的人群中,出生体重状态为大于胎龄会增加儿童一年级时肥胖患病的风险(RR=2.60,95%CI=1.35~5.02,P < 0.01),但不增加超重的患病风险(P=0.13)。  结论  出生体重状态与婴儿期生长速度模式对小学一年级儿童的超重和肥胖患病都具有影响,建议关注大于和适于胎龄儿的生命早期生长发育并扩大婴儿期追赶生长的监测范围。     

2011-2018年中国手足口病发病的时空特征及影响因素研究

目的 分析我国手足口病的时空特征,探讨社会、经济、人口和卫生服务等因素对我国手足口病发病的影响,为手足口病疫情防控提供参考依据。方法 采用贝叶斯时空模型对手足口病数据进行拟合,评估手足口病的时空变化,并识别手足口病发病风险与社会、经济、人口和卫生服务等因素的潜在关联。结果 2011-2018年,我国共报告手足口病例17 118 050例,死亡2 283例,2011-2014年报告发病率呈波动上升趋势,2014-2018年报告发病率呈波动下降趋势,报告死亡率一直呈波动下降趋势。手足口病的发病具有空间聚集性,报告发病率最高的地区为华南地区且为热点区域及高风险区域,报告发病率最低的为西北地区,冷点区域及低风险区域也集中在其部分区域。手足口病发病风险与人均地区生产总值（RR=3.54）、每万人规模以上工业企业单位数（RR=1.61）、城市化率（RR=3.00）、人口出生率（RR=2.36）、每万人医疗机构床位数（RR=3.40）和人均公园绿地面积（RR=0.57）有关。结论 2011-2018年我国手足口病防控重点区域为东南沿海地区,在加快城市化进程的同时需考虑增加人均公园绿地面积,以降低手足口病的发病率。     

上海市闵行区家长对学生用眼卫生健康服务态度评估

  目的  评估上海市《闵行区儿童青少年近视防控三年行动计划(2019—2021年)》实施1年后家长对学生用眼卫生健康服务的态度,为优化干预措施提供科学依据和决策参考。  方法  采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法进行样本选择,最终完成20 176份有效学生家长问卷,进行对学生眼卫生健康服务态度评估。  结果  家长对学生用眼卫生健康服务满意率前3位分别是定点医疗机构提供的服务6 849名(84.65%)、提供视力筛查结果反馈方式16 915名(83.84%)、定点医疗机构检查流程6 704名(82.91%)。认为需要改善的环节前3位分别是用眼行为和用眼环境干预8 476名(42.01%)、家长告知7 850名(38.91%)、定期随访管理7 222名(33.67%)。不同学段、既往眼部疾病诊断史对学生用眼卫生服务的满意率和改善环节需求有影响,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。  结论  干预实施1年后,家长对学生用眼卫生健康服务整体较满意,不同特征学生家长对卫生健康服务需求有所侧重,建议进一步提供精细化、个性化的用眼卫生健康服务。     

Associations of visit-to-visit fasting glucose with risk of mortality: A retrospective cohort study of 48,077 people with type 2 diabetes

AimTo investigate the association between mean fasting glucose (FG) and variability in visit-to-visit FG and risk of mortality in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 48,077 Chinese men and women with T2D. The yearly mean and coefficient of variation for fasting glucose (mean-FG and FG-CV, respectively) were based on at least two measurements taken each year over a mean duration of 4.5 years. Deaths and their causes were identified using the Shanghai Vital Statistics registry. Mean-FG and FG-CV served as time-dependent variables in Cox models to estimate their associations with risk of mortality; hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for baseline risk factors. Potential non-linear associations were examined by restricted cubic splines.ResultsDuring an average 4.5 years of follow-up, 2095 men and 1923 women died. Men with low mean-FG and women with low or high FG were at greater risk of death. Mean-FG was not associated with either cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer-specific mortality, whereas higher yearly FG-CV was associated with all-cause and CVD-/cancer-specific mortality in both genders. Compared with a yearly FG-CV of 1.76 (5th percentile), men and women with an FG-CV of 14.14 (75th percentile) had HRs (95% CI) of 1.41 (1.24–1.61) and 1.44 (1.26–1.65), respectively, for all-cause mortality.ConclusionVariability of visit-to-visit FG may be a more sensitive predictor of risk of death than mean-FG in people with T2D.     

女性出生体重与2型糖尿病风险的跨代研究

目的 探索女性出生体重与T2DM的代际关联。方法 2012年11月至2013年1月对10 324名上海市有亲缘关系的2～4代女性开展横断面调查,通过问卷调查出生信息及T2DM史。将所有对象分成连续2代,共6 436对母女纳入分析。运用通径分析方法评估母代出生体重及T2DM患病状况对子代的影响;并采用中介效应分析方法分析子代出生体重是否为2代T2DM患病风险的中介因素。结果 2代人群的出生体重呈正相关,母代出生体重每增加1 kg,子代出生体重平均增加0.335 kg(95%CI:0.307～0.363).与无T2DM母亲的子代相比,患T2DM母亲的子代出生体重平均高0.066 kg(95%CI:0.025～0.107),患T2DM的风险增加3.173倍(95%CI:1.946～5.174).≥20岁研究对象中,调整年龄后,未见出生体重对成年期T2DM的影响。通径和中介分析显示,母代出生体重对子代出生体重的影响较大;子代出生体重高是母代患T2DM与子代患T2DM的中介因素,并减弱了二者关联的2.8%.结论 母代出生体重及T2DM状况对子代出生体重及成年后的T2DM风险有一定影响。     

儿童青少年腰围身高比与非酒精性脂肪肝病关系的回顾性分析

背景：肥胖是导致儿童青少年人群非酒精性脂肪肝病（NAFLD）发生的重要原因之一,腰围身高比（WHtR）是反映内脏脂肪和评价儿童青少年心血管代谢风险的简单而准确的体格测量指标,但WHtR 与NAFLD的关系研究十分有限。 目的：分析儿童青少年WHtR与NAFLD的关系。 设计：常规体检数据的回顾性分析。 方法：以所有参加上海市闵行区2014至2020年住校学生健康体检的学生为研究对象,将血清ALT水平高于一般人群性别和年龄别第97.5百分位数水平定义为疑似NAFLD（简称NAFLD）。基于全国数据提示心血管代谢风险聚集的WHtR作为切点值,以男孩和女孩WHtR分别≥0.481和≥0.456定义为WHtR升高;以非条件二分类Logistic回归模型,校正年龄、性别等协变量后,分析WHtR升高与NAFLD的关系。通过计算AUC、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值,评价WHtR升高对NAFLD的区分效果。 主要结局指标：WHtR与NAFLD的关联性。 结果：与WHtR正常组相比,NAFLD患病率在 WHtR升高人群中显著升高（16.2% vs 2.3%, P<0.001）,且随着年龄的增长呈现上升趋势。在WHtR升高人群中,男孩NAFLD患病率高于女孩（21.6% vs 11.0%,P<0.001）,而在WHtR正常人群中男孩和女孩的NAFLD患病率接近（2.3% vs 2.2%, P=0.71）。WHtR升高人群NAFLD的发生风险增加 71%,校正的OR =1.71,95% CI：1.26~2.31,P=0.001。分层分析结果显示WHtR升高分别能增加男孩77%（OR=1.77,95% CI：1.19~2.63,P=0.005）和女孩69% （OR=1.69,95% CI：1.05~2.71,P=0.005）的NAFLD发生风险 。WHtR升高区分NAFLD的AUC为0.73（95% CI：0.71~0.76）,敏感度63.2%、特异度83.4%、阳性预测值16.8%和阴性预测值97.7%。 结论：儿童青少年WHtR升高与NAFLD的发生独立相关;学校和社区等基层医疗保健机构要重点关注WHtR升高的人群,除了血压、糖脂代谢异常以外,还需特别关注NAFLD的患病情况。     

Genetic and environmental factors as predictors of disease severity and extent at time of diagnosis in an inception cohort of inflammatory bowel disease,Copenhagen County and City 2003–2005

Background and aimsThe etiology of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the influence of genetic, serological, and environmental factors on phenotypic presentation of IBD at diagnosis in a population-based Danish inception cohort from 2003–2005.MethodsThree-hundred-forty-seven (62%) of 562 cohort patients were genotyped. ASCA and p/c-ANCA were determined and patients answered a questionnaire concerning environmental factors with possible influence on IBD.ResultsFourteen percent of CD patients vs. 11% of controls were positive for common CARD15 mutation (ns), whereas more CD patients than healthy controls were homozygous for the OCTN-TC haplotype (p = 0.03). ASCA was more common in CD (22%) than UC (14%) (p = 0.045) and was related to age and localization of CD. p-ANCA was more frequent in UC (p = 0.00001) but was related to pure colonic CD (p = 0.0001). Sugar consumption was significantly higher in CD patients than in UC patients (p = 0.0001) and more CD patients than UC patients had undergone appendectomy prior to IBD diagnosis (p = 0.03). A possible relation between tonsillectomy and disease severity in CD, and a relation between use of oral contraception and disease localization of UC to rectum/left-sided colon were found.ConclusionsIn this cohort of unselected IBD patients we found a very low frequency of mutations in IBD susceptibility genes and observed a greater impact of ASCA and ANCA than of genetic factors on disease phenotypes. In addition, several environmental factors seemed to influence disease occurrence and disease presentation in both UC and especially CD.     

上海市闵行区农村井水卫生现况调查及消毒方式探索

目的通过对闵行区农村生活用井卫生状况的调查,评估现行消毒效果,探索有效的消毒方法。方法采用现场生活用井周边环境调查;井水消毒效果五项微生物和理化指标检测。结果对莘庄和七宝地区的157口井进行了井周环境及使用情况的调查,井周环境存在一定的传染病发病因素,水质检测结果显示手压井在消毒前后,色度、浊度、总大肠茵群以及茵落总数无显著差异性．自然井在消毒前后总大肠茵群有显著性差异。手压井和自然井比较消毒后效果。在浊度、总大肠茵群以及茵落总数方面有显著性差异。手压井和自然井茵落总数和总大肠茵群严重超标。结论闵行区使用的生活用井．存在一定的人群聚集性使用,有传染病暴发的危险因素。自然井消毒效果较手压井显著,手压井由于其使用模式,井深部的水无法得到充分消毒,微生物指标不能达标,存在传染病发病的危险因素。     

上海市闵行区2013年中小学生食品安全知信行调查分析

目的了解闵行区中小学生食品安全知信行现况,为制定和开展有效的食品安全健康干预措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取闵行区小学四年级和初中一年级若干学生及其家长完成食品安全知信行调查问卷,使用统计分析软件进行统计分析。结果小学生食品安全知识知晓率、信念和态度接受率及行为形成率分别为74.2%、88.7%和81.9%;初中生分别为77.4%,85.3%和77.5%,中小学生年龄、性别比较无明显差异（P〉0.05）;获取相关知识的主要途径是家长言传身教、学校健康教育和广播电视。结论食品安全知信行来源于社会生活实践,常规课堂教育已不能满足学生的需要,提倡采用＂家校互动＂资源平台开展食品安全健康教育及健康干预活动,并积极呼吁尽快出台统一的食品安全教育课程。